A combination of a series and parallel hybrid that uses a mechanical splitting device.

Part of the four-stroke cycle following combustion.

Term used to describe the engine, transmission and driveline components as a unit.

Personal protective equipment

Parts Per Million

Spontaneous ignition in a petrol engine that occurs before the controlled ignition point. Can be caused by an overheated engine, incandescent particles in the combustion chamber or incorrect fuel.

Spontaneous ignition in a petrol engine that occurs before the controlled ignition point. Can be caused by an overheated engine, incandescent particles in the combustion chamber or incorrect fuel.

Additional tightening of a bearing or component after the backlash or free play has been eliminated. Used to eliminate backlash after the bearings have bedded in. Usually set by a Nm or angular torque.

The way in which something is displayed.

Pressure is the product of a force multiplied by the area on which the force is applied. The standard unit of pressure is the Pascal which is equivalent to one N/m2.